Microneedle patch or pen is a novel method designed for topical drug delivery. The boldest difference between the microneedle-based drug delivery systems and other conventional drug administration methods is their appearance. The microneedle patches are made of two major portions: the underlying flat base and micron-sized needles elongated perpendicular to the supporting base in which active pharmaceutical agent is either loaded inside, adhered to the surface of the extended needles, or applied following the microneedling process, whereas microneedle (or microneedling) pen is a pen-shaped equipment accessorized with various needle sizes and pin numbers cosmetologically used. In topical drug administration, local or systemic, stratum corneum, the outermost skin layer built of dead cells acting as a protective barricade, is the therapy efficacy limiting factor and the premise behind this manner is enabling direct drug delivery into the deep layers beneath the stratum corneum. The targeted effect can be either local or systemic; while cosmetological usages demand deep local administration, generalized internal outcome is achievable if the drug reaches the blood circulation. The size of needles varies in the range of 0.15 – 2.5 millimeter depending to the thickness of stratum corneum and the purposed application.
Chen Y, et al., Engineering Micro–Nanomaterials for Biomedical Translation. (2021).
Ganeson K, et al., Microneedles for Efficient and Precise Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. (2023).
Jung JH and Jin SG, Microneedle for transdermal drug delivery: current trends and fabrication. (2021).
Mdanda S, et al., Recent Advances in Microneedle Platforms for Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies. (2021).
Moore LE, Vucen S, and Moore AC, Trends in drug- and vaccine-based dissolvable microneedle materials and methods of fabrication. (2022).
Singh A and Yadav S, Microneedling: Advances and widening horizons. (2016).
Suh H, Shin J, and Kim YC, Microneedle patches for vaccine delivery. (2014).