Published: 2026-02-10
Updated: 2026-02-10
Editorial note
Map of Health content is prepared with an evidence-based approach. References are provided for transparency.
Medical disclaimer
This content is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have an urgent medical concern, seek immediate care.
"While scoring a goal with a header from a curved cross on a football pitch is incredibly rewarding, the price of this momentary joy can be high decades later. Recent studies show that heading the ball causes permanent brain damage and significantly increases the risk of death."
Why is it dangerous?
The problem isn't just the hard impacts, but the repetition of this action thousands of times. When a ball hits the head:
- Concussion: The brain shifts rapidly within the skull. The gel-like brain tissue stretches and twists during this process.
- Axon Damage: The thin fibers (connecting cables) called "axons" that transmit information in the brain are damaged by this concussion.
- Protein Accumulation: As a result of the impacts, a toxic protein called "tau" accumulates in the brain. This protein gradually destroys nerve cells.
What do the numbers say?
Extensive research on professional football players reveals alarming results:
- The risk of Alzheimer's is 5 times higher,
- The risk of motor neuron disease is 4 times higher,
- And the risk of Parkinson's is 2 times higher.
- Overall, former football players are 3.5 times more likely to die from brain diseases than the average person.
Your position determines your risk
The highest risk is for defenders who are constantly involved in aerial duels. For goalkeepers, however, the risk is at the same level as normal people, as they rarely head the ball.
What should be done?
Experts say the problem isn't just in matches, but primarily in training. A footballer makes thousands of unnecessary headers throughout their career. The solution is clear: restrict heading in training and completely ban this technique in younger age groups.
Remember: the moment you stop heading things, this risk drops to zero.
