Folic acid (vitamin B9) is essential for DNA synthesis, cell division, and red blood cell production. “Folate” refers to the natural form found in foods, while “folic acid” is the synthetic form used in supplements and fortified products. Demand rises in rapidly dividing tissues (bone marrow, placenta, and the developing fetus). That is why it is strategically important in preconception and pregnancy to support neural tube development, reduce certain anemia risks, and contribute to homocysteine metabolism. It is not a standalone “miracle” nutrient, though—folate status should be interpreted together with related nutrients such as vitamin B12.