Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella diagnosis with several subtypes. The most frequently encountered forms in clinical practice include oligoarticular JIA (few joints) and polyarticular JIA (many joints). While prevalence varies by population, oligoarticular JIA is often reported as one of the most common subtypes, frequently starting in younger children. It may involve larger joints such as the knee or ankle, and some children require routine eye screening due to uveitis risk. Polyarticular JIA can affect more joints and may require more intensive monitoring and treatment. Accurate subtype classification is strategically important because it determines follow-up cadence, eye screening needs, and the overall treatment pathway.