The nervous–muscular–cardiac axis is affected first when mineral balance shifts. Sodium/potassium disturbances can cause weakness, cramps, palpitations, and sometimes serious arrhythmias. Low magnesium often manifests with twitching, cramps, tingling, and restlessness. Calcium imbalance may influence neuromuscular excitability and bone metabolism. Chronic imbalance may reduce performance, immunity, and quality of life. Importantly, the cause may not be diet alone—it can involve kidney function, endocrine regulation, medications (diuretics, PPIs), or gastrointestinal losses. Management should address underlying mechanisms, not just add supplements—especially in kidney/heart disease where supplementation can be risky.\n\nSource note: NIH ODS mineral fact sheets (physiology, interactions, safety).