Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce healthy hemoglobin. Common causes include low dietary iron intake, heavy menstrual bleeding, pregnancy, gastrointestinal bleeding, absorption problems, and restrictive diets. Symptoms may include fatigue, paleness, dizziness, shortness of breath, palpitations, hair loss, and difficulty concentrating. Nutrition is important, but relying only on food advice without identifying the underlying cause may be insufficient. Blood tests and medical evaluation are essential for accurate management.